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    <link>http://esi.nus.edu.sg/</link>
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      <title>Energy Trends and Development (Volume 4 / Issue 3) - December 2011</title>
      <description>This issue focuses on the concerns of solar power and taking a closer look at the only technically viable renewable energy generation source in alternative energy disadvantaged Singapore.</description>
      <link>http://www.esi.nus.edu.sg/docs/esi-bulletins/esi-v4i3-final-version.pdf</link>
      <pubDate>Fri, 30 Dec 2011 16:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Shale Gas (Volume 4 / Issue 2) - July 2011</title>
      <description>This issue examines unconventional gas, shale gas and coal bed methane (CBM), and the role that they could play in shaping world energy markets.</description>
      <link>http://www.esi.nus.edu.sg/docs/esi-bulletins/esi-bulletin-vol-4-issue-2-jul-201142B3DFCDF8B2.pdf?Status=Master</link>
      <pubDate>Sat, 30 Jul 2011 17:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Fukushima Nuclear Disaster (Volume 4 / Issue 1) - April 2011</title>
      <description>This issue focuses on the implications of the tragic 11 March earthquake and tsunami off the northeast coast of Japan on the use nuclear energy in our region.


</description>
      <link>http://www.esi.nus.edu.sg/docs/esi-bulletins/esi-bulletin-vol-4-issue-1-apr-201151F17BC3F6F1.pdf?Status=Master</link>
      <pubDate>Fri, 29 Apr 2011 17:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Climate Change and ASEAN's Increasing Dependence On Coal (Volume 3 / Issue 2) - November 2010</title>
      <description>With declining proven reserves of conventional natural gas in the region, many countries are raising their dependence on coal to meet their continuously expanding demand for electricity. </description>
      <link>http://www.esi.nus.edu.sg/docs/esi-bulletins/esi-bulletin-vol-3-issue-2-nov-2010084D65E6EEC2.pdf?Status=Master</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 29 Nov 2010 17:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Electricity (Volume 3 / Issue 1) - June 2010</title>
      <description>Sometimes called the "fifth fuel" after oil, coal, gas and renewables, energy efficiency is relatively easy and inexpensive and is also beneficial in terms of mitigating climate change and enhancing energy security. </description>
      <link>http://www.esi.nus.edu.sg/docs/esi-bulletins/esi-bulletin-vol-3-issue-1-june-20108D9AEA6B6FA1.pdf?Status=Master</link>
      <pubDate>Tue, 29 Jun 2010 17:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Climate Change (Volume 2 / Issue 4) - March 2010</title>
      <description>Despite the collapse of COP15, governments and industries are continuing to make efforts to reduce carbon emissions.</description>
      <link>http://www.esi.nus.edu.sg/docs/esi-bulletins/esi-bulletin-vol-2-issue-4-mar-20101A706E96A4F4.pdf?Status=Master</link>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Mar 2010 17:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>India and the Nuclear Suppliers Group (Volume 2 / Issues 3) - December 2009</title>
      <description>In this issue we continue with the thematic thrust of Volume 2 looking at the various sources of energy.</description>
      <link>http://www.esi.nus.edu.sg/docs/esi-bulletins/esi-bulletin.-vol-2.-issue-3.-dec-2009.pdf?Status=Master</link>
      <pubDate>Wed, 30 Dec 2009 17:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Clean and Renewable Energy (Volume 2 / Issue 2) - September 2009</title>
      <description>Singapore's small size and geography have limited our ability to move away from fossil fuels to low-carbon alternative energies such as wind, hydro and geothermal.</description>
      <link>http://www.esi.nus.edu.sg/docs/esi-bulletins/esi-bulletin-vol-2-issue-2-sept-2009.pdf?Status=Master</link>
      <pubDate>Tue, 29 Sep 2009 17:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Biofuel (Volume 2 / Issue 1) - June 2009</title>
      <description>Will biofuels, ever fully or even partially, replace gasoline and diesel?</description>
      <link>http://www.esi.nus.edu.sg/docs/esi-bulletins/esi-bulletin-vol-2-issue-1-june-2009.pdf?Status=Master</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 29 Jun 2009 17:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Energy and Economics Modelling (Volume 1 / Issue 4) - March 2009</title>
      <description>The issue reflects ESI's continuing efforts to build local capacity in energy modelling by sharing knowledge in energy modelling developments globally.</description>
      <link>http://www.esi.nus.edu.sg/docs/esi-bulletins/esi-bulletin-vol-1-issue-4-mar-2009.pdf?Status=Master</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 30 Mar 2009 17:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Energy Efficiency and Conservation (Volume 1 / Issue 3) - December 2008</title>
      <description>The issues looks at the different methods of energy efficiency and conservation.</description>
      <link>http://www.esi.nus.edu.sg/docs/esi-bulletins/esi-bulletin-vol-1-issue-3-dec-2008.pdf?Status=Master</link>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Dec 2008 17:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Singapore's National Climate Change Strategy (Volume 1 / Issue 2) - October 2008</title>
      <description>This issue discusses Singapore National Climate Change Strategy.</description>
      <link>http://www.esi.nus.edu.sg/docs/esi-bulletins/esi-bulletin-vol-1-issue-2-oct-2008.pdf?Status=Master</link>
      <pubDate>Thu, 30 Oct 2008 16:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Singapore's National Energy Policy Report (Volume 1 / Issue 1) - July 2008</title>
      <description>ESI's inaugural bulletin edition discusses Singapore 2007 National Energy Policy Framework.</description>
      <link>http://www.esi.nus.edu.sg/docs/esi-bulletins/esi-bulletin-vol-1-issue-1-july-2008-.pdf?Status=Master</link>
      <pubDate>Wed, 30 Jul 2008 17:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>It's Too Soon To Predict A Bright Future For Solar Power</title>
      <description>ESI conducted an economic and technical analysis of the feasibility of solar power in the local context. The conclusion? It is clear that solar power is an expensive proposition when compared to conventional fossil fuel-based power generation technologies.
</description>
      <link>http://esi.nus.edu.sg/news/2011/12/16/it's-too-soon-to-predict-a-bright-future-for-solar-power</link>
      <pubDate>Tue, 13 Sep 2011 17:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>What Drives Electric Vehicles Here?</title>
      <description>A current market survey complementing a test-bed initiative is studying consumer perception and attitudes towards EVs.</description>
      <link>http://esi.nus.edu.sg/news/2011/09/15/what-drives-electric-vehicles-here-</link>
      <pubDate>Thu, 08 Sep 2011 17:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Singapore's Role In Global Ethylene Production</title>
      <description>Improving energy efficiency in the petrochemical industry is one of the key challenges of SIngapore's energy security.</description>
      <link>http://esi.nus.edu.sg/news/2011/09/15/singapore's-role-in-global-ethylene-production</link>
      <pubDate>Sun, 28 Aug 2011 17:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>SMEs Can Do Bit For Energy Conservation Too</title>
      <description>The Singapore government has announced the implementation of the Energy Conservation Act, which will introduce minimum energy management standards for large industrial energy users from 2013.</description>
      <link>http://esi.nus.edu.sg/news/2011/08/23/smes-can-do-bit-for-energy-conservation-too</link>
      <pubDate>Tue, 09 Aug 2011 17:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>The Energy Security-Sustainable Development Conundrum: A Case For Environmental Security In Southeast Asia?</title>
      <description>A key challenge for ASEAN nations in mitigating climate change lies in the question - can economic growth and sustainable development be achieved in tandem?</description>
      <link>http://esi.nus.edu.sg/news/2011/10/01/the-energy-security-sustainable-development-conundrum-a-case-for-environmental-security-in-southeast-asia-</link>
      <pubDate>Tue, 26 Jul 2011 17:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Energy-Efficient Buildings: Green Or Gray-Green? </title>
      <description>Buildings present a unique opportunity to mitigate climate change and also enhance sustainable development.</description>
      <link>http://esi.nus.edu.sg/news/2011/09/15/energy-efficient-buildings-green-or-gray-green-</link>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 2011 17:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Energy Security: Measurements Without Meaning</title>
      <description>"Energy security" is a term that has long bedeviled energy policy debates among politicians, businessmen and academics. What steps should countries take to minimise vulnerabilities to energy supply disruptions?</description>
      <link>http://esi.nus.edu.sg/news/2011/08/23/energy-security-measurements-without-meaning</link>
      <pubDate>Sun, 19 Jun 2011 17:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Rethinking Energy Efficiency Potential</title>
      <description>Greater energy efficiency has been recognised as the most important weapon in the struggle to secure energy sources and battle climate change, but the debate over its potential still rages on.</description>
      <link>http://esi.nus.edu.sg/news/2011/09/15/rethinking-energy-efficiency-potential</link>
      <pubDate>Thu, 16 Jun 2011 17:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>What The Golden Age Of Gas Means For Singapore</title>
      <description>The latest special report by the International Energy Agency (IEA), titled "Are We Entering a Golden Age of Gas?", comes just as climate talks resumed in Bonn on 6 June in preparation for COP 17 in Durban.</description>
      <link>http://esi.nus.edu.sg/news/2011/08/23/what-the-golden-age-of-gas-means-for-singapore</link>
      <pubDate>Thu, 16 Jun 2011 17:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Renewable Energy, At What Price?</title>
      <description>Can renewable energy significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions? More importantly, can it be done at a reasonable cost, within the boundaries of the politically feasible?</description>
      <link>http://esi.nus.edu.sg/news/2011/09/15/renewable-energy-at-what-price-</link>
      <pubDate>Tue, 06 Jul 2010 17:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Influence Behaviour To Cut Energy Use</title>
      <description>Behaviour interventions work by subtly altering the context in which consumers make choices. As behaviour interventions in energy use can be expanded to the entire community at low cost once they are proven to be effective in energy conservation, it is a cost efficient measure that should be welcome in pragmatic Singapore.</description>
      <link>http://esi.nus.edu.sg/news/2011/10/03/influence-behaviour-to-cut-energy-use</link>
      <pubDate>Thu, 25 Mar 2010 17:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Conserving Energy: Paradox and Policy</title>
      <description>Studies show that people are slow to adopt cost-effective energy-conserving technologies.Why does there seem to be so little investment in these forms of technology when they can save money and energy?</description>
      <link>http://esi.nus.edu.sg/news/2011/09/26/conserving-energy-paradox-and-policy</link>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Mar 2010 17:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Nuclear Power Time For A Feasibility Study</title>
      <description>There are now many more nuclear energy plant designs to consider than there used to be. If what some major power plant companies are saying today about drastically reduced space requirements, improved safety features etc. is true, Singapore cannot afford not to consider the nuclear option.</description>
      <link>http://esi.nus.edu.sg/news/2011/10/03/nuclear-power-time-for-a-feasibility-study</link>
      <pubDate>Sun, 07 Feb 2010 17:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Singapore Can Be Carbon Trading Hub For Ships</title>
      <description>he establishment of an international policy regime for mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from global shipping is probably among the most important challenges facing Singapore negotiators at Copenhagen and beyond. The most strategic general question facing International Maritime Organization (IMO) members, charged with submitting emission reduction proposals, revolves around the "tax vs. cap-and-trade" debate. Singapore as a global shipping and bunkering hub is advantageously placed to benefit from active carbon trading. Energy and GHG emissions are of course intimately related, and the establishment of a carbon pricing centre would further add to the city's role as Asia's energy hub.</description>
      <link>http://esi.nus.edu.sg/news/2011/10/03/singapore-can-be-carbon-trading-hub-for-ships</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Dec 2009 17:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Taxing Questions On The Carbon Challenge</title>
      <description>Any regime to control greenhouse gases will require a price to be placed on emissions. This will create the economic signals necessary to change consumer behaviour and ultimately to favour products with smaller carbon footprints. There are two main ways to price carbon emissions: carbon tax and cap-and-trade. Costs will rise in both cases. World leaders will meet in Copenhagen next week to determine a successor framework to the Kyoto Protocol. When implemented properly, a carbon tax or a cap-and-trade system - or a combination of both - will work. But whatever approach policymakers adopt, it will turn out to be either overly lax or overly stringent, depending on the developing science of climate change and what we learn about global warming. Whatever regime we adopt, it will have to be tweaked as more information becomes available.</description>
      <link>http://esi.nus.edu.sg/news/2011/10/03/taxing-questions-on-the-carbon-challenge</link>
      <pubDate>Wed, 02 Dec 2009 17:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Direction Oil Prices? Check Economic Mood</title>
      <description>Currently, there are concerns over how various countries would exit their stimulus plans
now that the global economy appears to be on the mend. If there is a scale back on
stimulus spending, and it retards the momentum of the recovery, one can expect weak
demand and high inventories to bring an end to the year-to-date increase in oil prices.</description>
      <link>http://esi.nus.edu.sg/news/2011/10/03/direction-oil-prices-check-economic-mood</link>
      <pubDate>Wed, 28 Oct 2009 17:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Global Race To Gain A Clean-Tech Edge</title>
      <description>Clean technology is more than about reducing greenhouse gases. It is likely to catapult a class of commodities into prominence. This has implications for resource politics and the economic strategies of nations.</description>
      <link>http://esi.nus.edu.sg/news/2011/09/26/global-race-to-gain-a-clean-tech-edge</link>
      <pubDate>Tue, 13 Oct 2009 17:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Jockeying For Advantage At Climate Summit</title>
      <description>Concerns over both equity and efficiency have led some policy analysts to propose "graduation and deepening" scenarios to integrate developing countries into a post- Kyoto climate regime. As affluent countries with relatively high per capita emissions, the newly industrialized countries (NICs) may come under pressure to do more to emit less.</description>
      <link>http://esi.nus.edu.sg/news/2011/10/03/jockeying-for-advantage-at-climate-summit</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 05 Oct 2009 17:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Energy Demand Of China And United States: Can They Move Away From Using Coal?</title>
      <description>China and the U.S rely on coal as a major source of energy. They are both aware of its destructive impact on the environment and have taken steps to encourage the use of other types of energy.</description>
      <link>http://esi.nus.edu.sg/news/2011/09/26/energy-demand-of-china-and-united-states-can-they-move-away-from-using-coal-</link>
      <pubDate>Thu, 25 Jun 2009 17:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>The Rise And Rise Of Oil Prices</title>
      <description>As emerging economies continue to climb up the ladder of economic development, logic would suggest that the populations of developed economies should shift their focus from getting the cheapest price for their energy goods to using them less wastefully. From a moral and economic perspective, vast improvements in energy conservation should be entrenched in every country's energy policy.</description>
      <link>http://esi.nus.edu.sg/news/2011/10/03/the-rise-and-rise-of-oil-prices</link>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Jun 2009 17:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Despite Tariff Formula, Still Best To Conserve</title>
      <description>Energy prices are expected to rise in the near to medium term. Using the new tariff calculation formula, Singapore's electricity tariff will become more responsive to movements in the energy market. As such, improvements in energy efficiency, and the promotion of conservation are the most appropriate methods for the country to adopt.</description>
      <link>http://esi.nus.edu.sg/news/2011/10/03/despite-tariff-formula-still-best-to-conserve</link>
      <pubDate>Sun, 31 May 2009 17:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>The Unintended Consequences Of Weaning China Off Coal</title>
      <description>China is commonly perceived as a difficult country to persuade into taking measures that mitigate climate change. However, underneath her tough stance could be a surprising willingness to take measures to reduce Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions.  What are the implications of this willingness?</description>
      <link>http://esi.nus.edu.sg/news/2011/10/03/the-unintended-consequences-of-weaning-china-off-coal</link>
      <pubDate>Thu, 07 May 2009 17:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>American Recovery And Reinvestment Act: Towards Oil Independence</title>
      <link>http://esi.nus.edu.sg/news/2011/10/03/american-recovery-and-reinvestment-act-towards-oil-independence</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 20 Apr 2009 17:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Notes from CERAWeek 2009: Some Signposts For Singapore's Energy Policy</title>
      <link>http://esi.nus.edu.sg/news/2011/10/03/notes-from-ceraweek-2009-some-signposts-for-singapore's-energy-policy</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 16 Mar 2009 17:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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